在今日英國鄉村仍有數千所像這樣的小學校，在國小階段的他們混齡在個班級上課，雖然同在一班，仍會分組教學，幼齡班、低年級、中年級及高年級，直到協助他們升上國中為止。本片主角是一位即將退休的老師喬治，在法國Auvergue山上小學教書的情形，以記錄片的形式拍攝，真實呈現學校生活，沒有豪華的場面、沒有精緻的配樂，完全不加以包裝，毫不矯飾的影片，卻能讓你感受到To Be and to Have的真、善、美。電影背景從一片白雪靄靄的冬天早晨，迷你校車去接居住在山中一戶戶的小朋友開始，有的是姊妹一同上學，有的獨自一人，到了學校之後，展開愉快的求學生活。從寂靜的冬季展開，穿過萬物甦醒的春天，直到百花齊放的盛夏，對映著孩子們必然的成長歷程。May最喜歡片中教師教導幼齡班的情節，可愛的jojo讓人想親攬入懷抱一抱。
在影片中有一小段喬治老師的訪談，談到他為何要當老師。一切都是受到父親的影響，他的父親是一位農夫，從小就幫忙過家中的工作，讓他深深體會到，以後絕對不要當農夫，太辛苦了，辛苦大半輩子只能買一小塊地。上小學之後，他深深愛上讀書，所以他總是當表兄弟姊妹的家教，指導他們，讓他愛上教師這份職業。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
拍攝地點：法國東南部奧弗涅Auvergue
影片類型：徧遠小學教育記錄片
Auvergue：http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Provinces/Auvergne.shtml
http://www.maplandia.com/france/auvergne/
在人們只想在DVD光碟機上看電影的今天，一部由法國名導演尼可拉斯菲力柏特（Nicolas Philibert）所拍攝的新片【山村猶有讀書聲】（To Be and to Have），在法國一百多家電影院上映以來，受到極大關注和好評。才上映三周就創下一億六仟萬台幣的驚人票房紀錄，上映迄今已有超過一百五十萬法國人到電影院觀看了這部電影，票房更已經突破了四億三仟萬台幣的數字。這部描述法國南部山村裡一個老師和他學生之間感人故事的電影，還意外榮獲了法國凱薩獎最佳影片等三項大獎的提名，並奪下了法國「Prix Louis Delluc電影獎」和「法國影評人協會獎」的雙料最佳影片。【山村猶有讀書聲】挾著法國的賣座成功和強盛口碑，更在其後進軍了美國、日本、德國和義大利等國，也都成功地創下了票房佳績，並深深打動了當地觀眾的心。而同時間，它又再陸續奪下了「歐洲電影獎」、「西班牙電影獎」和「美國國際影評人協會獎」…等來自世界各地的肯定。
<< 劇情簡介 >>
【山村猶有讀書聲】劇情是從法國南部山村的第一場繽紛大雪開始描述，在風雪中漫步的牛群們的哞叫聲，和著教堂傳來的陣陣鐘聲，宛若是一首描述冬天鄉間景緻的交響詩。就在靜謐山村的不遠處，一部小汽車呼嘯穿過了松林間的小路，它正載著小朋友們去學校上學，而喬治老師就是這個學校裡唯一的老師。喬治老師熱愛教書，他離鄉背井來到這人煙稀少的山村，一教就是二十多年，他打算退休後回到他年邁母親的身邊。喬治老師山居歲月的人生夢想，就在每一個奔馳於青青田野間的孩子身上實現。他一輩子的辛苦與執著，也在雪地裡玩耍的孩童笑聲中，獲得了滿足的回報。就在學生們要畢業，而他也將退休時，眼前這些可愛的孩子們卻突然讓他放不下心…。
喬治老師在法國一所小學裡教了二十多年的書。這所小學就座落在法國南部的偏遠山村裡，全校總共只有一位老師和十三個學生，學生們從4歲到11歲都有，喬治老師得教他們所有的功課。
這個冬天，喬治老師一如往常耐心地教學生唸書和遊戲。他們做算數、他們畫圖畫，喬治老師也會隨時教他們學習新的法國字。有時，喬治老師還讓大家一起學煎荷包蛋、學做鬆餅。當同學們都表現得很好時，喬治老師還會犒賞他們，帶他們去戶外寫生，甚至一起玩雪仗…。4歲的裘裘最調皮可愛，有時喬治老師也拿他沒輒；10歲的奧立維爸爸染了重病，際遇最讓喬治老師心酸；11歲的娜塔莉則有學習障礙，依賴喬治老師頗深的她說，她不想畢業…。
春天很快溜走了，鳳凰花的季節又來了…。未婚的喬治老師為學生們奉獻了他人生的大半青春，然而再過一年後，他也將退休，向大家道別了。眼前，倒是這幾位畢業生反而先對他說了"再見"，此時最放不下心的，就是眼角泛著淚光的喬治老師…。
<<導演 --導演尼可拉斯菲力柏特（Nicolas Philibert）>>
「我一直堅信一部偉大的電影，是要從那些看似微不足道的細節出發的。所以我相信孩子們在學加減乘除的過程，就可能會是個如詩史般的電影題材。」
─【山村猶有讀書聲】導演尼可拉斯菲力柏特（Nicolas Philibert）
法國導演尼可拉斯菲力柏特的電影中，向來以溫暖的拍攝手法，連結這世上不同的領域：他曾以【無聲國度】（In the Land of the Deaf）引領觀眾進入聾啞人的世界；又以【我很微小】（Every Little Thing）去瞭解精神病人的痛苦。尼可拉斯總能成功撇開功利競爭，而以最純淨面去看生活中的一切，反而電影作品常常充滿傳奇性。而【山村猶有讀書聲】說的是孩子們的世界：在成人眼裡看來是再平常不過的事，但對孩子來說就沒那麼簡單，孩子即將面臨人生的考驗，巧妙的戲劇性就會油然而生。它讓人們看到了人與人之間的關愛，也看到一些簡單卻美好的事物。
「我一直堅信一部偉大的電影，是要從那些看似微不足道的細節出發的。所以我相信孩子們在學加減乘除的過程，就可能會是個如詩史般的電影題材。」非科班出身的法國導演尼可拉斯菲力柏特，十多年來為法國影壇帶來了多部讓人驚豔又印象深刻的優秀作品。尼可拉斯的攝影機，往往瞄準人們最容易忽視的世界去拍攝，如1990年他拍了的【羅浮宮殿】(Laville Louvre)，描述羅浮宮展廳繪畫幕後的安裝故事。1992年拍攝的【無聲國度】（In the Land of the Deaf），則從聾啞人的角度看聾啞人與啞語的關係，描述一對新婚的聾啞夫婦想辦法要向一名房地產銷售員交易買房子，電影有溫馨有歡笑，讓所有的觀眾重新用心去看見並聽見這個特別的世界。此片一推出果然獲得極大的迴響，法國著名電影雜誌「電影筆記」（Cahiers du cinema）更將此片評選為年度10大最佳電影。1994年他拍攝的【動物，動物們】(Unanimal,de sanimaux)，道出了一個自然博物館修復的無名英雄故事。1996年他拍攝的【我很微小】（Every Little Thing），則描述一間精神病院的病患們要籌演一場演出的故事。
而尼可拉斯的新作【山村猶有讀書聲】（To Be and to Have）也再度溫暖全世界觀眾的心房，故事是以法國偏遠山區的一間學校為主角，全校只有一個老師、一個班級、一間教室，老師教著4-10歲的孩童，教他們數學、法文，也教他們如何煎鬆餅及滑雪，在偏遠的山區裡有著響亮的讀書聲與頑皮的嘻笑聲。此片推出後受歡迎的程度，是連尼可想都沒想過的，除了讓自己被提名了法國凱撒獎最佳導演講獎，影片更是在國際上獲獎連連，邀展不斷。尼可很開心自己的堅持有了展獲，畢竟向他這樣堅持以關心人文為出發點，而去拍攝電影的人實在是少之又少了。尼可一貫以其敏銳的眼光和獨特的視角，將人們在日常生活中視而不見的東西聚焦放大，給人們提供了一個有趣珍貴且多層面的探索空間。
<< 演員介紹 >>
喬治老師（Georges Lopez）是我們的「家長」，他年輕時懷著一股熱忱來到這個山谷裡的小村莊教書。轉眼二十多年過去，為學生而終身未婚的他連鬍鬚都白了，卻仍在這裡為學生默默付出。他教過的學生們，每年夏天總如侯鳥般從這個山谷間飛向全法國、甚至全世界。但是這個夏天很不一樣，因為喬治老師快要退休了。他一直放不下心地叮囑著我們，我們則偷偷看見他從眼角泛出的淚水…。
裘裘（JoJo） 我是班上最調皮的小朋友，今年4歲，我最愛黏著喬治老師。喬治老師上課時，我也最會分心，因為我的朋友－蜜蜂和蝴蝶，會不時來找我出去玩。我愛畫畫，可是我常常弄髒手。瞧！洗乾淨了嗎？
艾莉西（Alize）我是全班年齡最小的同學，才3歲而已，不過…天呀！今天來了一個更小的小朋友，一直哭著要找媽媽！ (左一)
蕾蒂霞（Letitia） 我是4歲的蕾蒂霞，是裘裘的「麻吉」！裘裘和我在學校總有說不完的話。我喜歡動物，長大要當獸醫。
蘿拉（Laura） 我是蘿拉，7歲，去年我從維涅轉學到這裡，很快我就愛上了這裡的一切。我們班以前也有一個蘿拉，不過大家都知道在叫誰。
潔西（Jessie） 我是4歲的小潔西，我不多話，很乖，可是阿塞勒哥哥常常欺負我！我不要跟他玩?！
阿塞勒（Axel） 有沒有聽過什麼叫「愛哭又愛跟路」？小潔西就是這樣！玩得不高興就跑去喬治老師那裡哭，害我老是被唸！告訴你一個秘密，我常會夢到鬼喔！我是阿塞勒，6歲啦！
瑪莉（Marie） 我是4歲的瑪莉，有日本血統的我會讓你一眼就瞧見。我每天搭校車去上學，欣賞車窗外的雪景是我最快樂的事！還有，我喜歡趁老師不在偷玩影印機…。至於數數兒，現在我只會數到7。
基勇（Guillaume）我是9歲的基勇，全校煎荷包蛋總冠軍，也是紀錄保持人，帥吧！
朱利安（Julien） 我是朱利安，10歲，沒有人打得過塊頭大的我。我很有力，會開推土機，可是算術超爛，連我媽都快氣炸了！我們一家都為我的功課擔心，常常全家一起幫我做算術題。
奧立維（Olivier） 我是奧立維，10歲，很聽喬治老師的話。今年我務農的爸爸生病了，讓一向孝順的我急得不知如何是好。我想唸書，但我也想幫爸爸！喬治老師，你能幫我嗎？
娜塔莉（Nathalie） 我是11歲的娜塔莉，今年我要畢業了，可是我不想離開這裡和喬治老師。我學習的速度很慢，雖然我真的很努力，可是別人還是會笑我。只有喬治老師永遠耐心教導我，我不敢想像離開這裡以後的日子…，如果能夠永遠不畢業，那該有多好！
強納坦（Jonathan）我是10歲的強納坦，今年我就要畢業了，和娜塔莉、朱利安和奧立維一起上中學。喬治老師帶我們去認識了新學校，還叮囑我們要互相照顧，團結在一起才不會被人欺負。
最後還有…喬安（Johann）
我是喬安，今年4歲，我最討厭裘裘一直逼問我要不要當他朋友？煩死了，不要！聽到了沒？就是不要！
Source:
http://book.kingnet.com.tw/index.html
http://www.reelingreviews.com/tobeandtohave.htm
< Yahoo介紹 >
這部片長105分鐘的法國電影【山村猶有讀書聲】，劇情描述一位終身奉獻給教育的喬治老師的故事。電影最精彩之處，在於一改過去對老師的歌功頌德的表現方式，而是以非常細膩的方式呈現出這位老師是如何在生活中以無比耐心教育小朋友。喬治老師在一所法國南部的偏遠山村的小學裡教了二十多年的書，這所小學總共只有他和十三個學生，學生們從4歲到11歲都有，喬治老師得教他們所有的功課。從最基本的算數、語文到繪畫、烹飪、滑雪，解決人際關係，教導學生之間和平相處的重要。這位老師使出十八般武藝，恩威並施，為兒童打下學習基礎，一一解決他們在課業與生活上的問題。
4歲的裘裘最調皮可愛，有時喬治老師也拿他沒輒；10歲的奧立維爸爸染了重病，際遇最讓喬治老師心酸；11歲的娜塔莉則有學習障礙，依賴喬治老師頗深的她說，她不想畢業…。終身未婚的喬治老師為學生們奉獻了他人生的大半青春，然而再過一年後他也將退休，向大家道別了。但在這個鳳凰花開的盛夏裡，倒是幾位畢業生得先對他說再見，喬治在最後一刻和學生一一吻別，捨不得學生的教師眼角泛淚光，真情流露，令人動容。
< 一 >
From December 2000 through June 2001, French documentarian Nicholas Philibert spent ten weeks with his crew of three capturing the life of a one room school in the farming region of Auvergue. Schoolteacher George Lopez, a twenty year veteran of the school, conducts a class of about a dozen students ranging from four year olds to those about
to enter middle school in "To Be and To Have."
Laura:
Philibert and his crew remain invisible throughout most of the this film's running time letting a way of life that is surely short-lived speak for itself. The film is cyclically chaptered just as a school year is divided by seasonal change, although nature's pattern is two beats off with fall bringing a beginning and summer an end. In Auvergue, man's
connection to nature also means his livelihood and Philibert makes the associations visually, starting his film with what at first seems an odd shot of cows being herded in gently swirling snowflakes. A transition to tortoises traversing the floor of the
emptied classroom is the only shot in the film which appears to have been staged.
Lopez is an old-fashioned disciplinarian, with children lining up behind their chairs before he instructs them to sit. He uses the power of his soft voice to demand attention and exhibits incredible patience and ability. The man is not only a teacher, but a
councilor, psychologist and arbitrator rolled into one. Most of all, Lopez is clearly loved by his students. They range from young JoJo, the class imp and 'star' of the show through the older boys whose schoolyard fight must be investigated. Philibert
only shows the lessons of the younger children, who learn through repetition and example, while the older students are shown receiving help with homework assignments in their homes. The whole class comes together for a cooking lesson in crepe making (vive la France!) and field trips of sledding and picnicking.
Philibert bridges seasons and sequences with establishing exterior shots of landscape and the windows, doorways and gates of the buildings we're about to enter. The absence of narration works on the film's audience as Lopez's voice works on his students. Philibert enters the scene at about the hour mark (in voice only) for a quick interview with Lopez
outside of his home where we learn that he came from a farming background and is soon to retire.
"To Be and To Have" is a remarkable document of a time that's almost past. Nicholas Philibert's exploration of a teacher's connection to a community is done with beauty, grace, humor and a gentle sense of melancholy.
Robin:
The one-room schoolhouse may seem like a thing of the past, something Americana. But, in rural communities in modern day France there are still thousands of such little schools. Nicolas Philibert and his three-man documentary team visit one such a school and become a regular fixture for the academic year for the pre-school to 5th-grade crowd somewhere in the heart of the Auvergue in "To Be and to Have."
This is marvelous bit of documentary cinema verite that examines the still-existing one-room schoolhouse in rural France where local community kids are all taught together until they are ready to enter middle school. Philibert, after an extensive search - he visit over 100 such schools - selected the classroom of 55-year old Georges Lopez who has taught in the community for 20 years.
Rather than make a statement about the education system in France, filmmaker Nicholas Philibert chose to make him and his crew a part of the woodwork for a year in one such classroom in a tiny dairy producing community in rural France. The focus of the film is on Lopez, a teacher nearing retirement who has spent the last twenty years in the town educating generations of its youngsters.
The film begins in the throes of winter as the children are picked up in a van, moving from one farm to the next, and deposited at school. From here on in we are a fly on the wall watching the interaction between Lopez and his diminutive wards. What struck me most significantly is the utter calm and patience the 55-year old educator maintains while helping to raise and teach the community's kids during their most formative years. The film, whether intentional or not, gave me a renewed respect for the teacher and the importance of their role in this world.
With only one exception, when Lopez talks to the camera in a short interview, "To Be and to Have" is a true document of rural life. There is no embellishment as the camera observes day-to-day life with the teacher and kids. With about 7 months' time at their disposal, the four-man docu team quickly blend into the background and teacher and children become at ease with their presence early on. The film follows the education process as the younger kids are taught to read and write and the older kids get more rounded training and are prepared for their entry to middle school. The crew tags along on the occasional field trip, too.
The French title "Etre et Avoir" are the two prominent verbs that the kids (or any French student) must learn to conjugate. The title also has a deeper sense of being and possession for the teacher and his young students.
The fly-on-the-wall method used to document rural French school life is a refreshing departure from the now more prevalent technique of the docu-makers being a visible part of their work. Philibert and crew are out of the picture almost entirely and this allows the viewer to join them as observers of life.
< 二 >
Nicolas Philibert's "To Be and To Have" documents a small schoolhouse in central France. The film is as tiny as an Altoid and as curiously strong. For a year, Philibert parked his camera in a cozy schoolhouse nestled in the dairy-farming region in the verdant Auvergne region of central France and watched as teacher Georges Lopez meticulously prepared his classroom, five mornings a week, for the dozen or so children who show up to learn and play.
Nothing momentous happens here, but Philibert has a magical sense of how to find the simple poetry lurking in the universal routine of being a kid. A lot of the film's lyricism is extracurricular. One early image is of a pair of turtles crossing the empty classroom during a storm. Throughout, Philibert marks the seasons with transitional cutaways to the countryside in all its moods. These shots have the initial effect of seeming florid, but eventually, it's clear they're of a piece with the recesses and field trips and picnics. Quietly, "To Be and To Have" elevates documentary to a sublime pastoral.
This is the most successful documentary ever in France, and it's as good on the subject of children as Francois Truffaut's "Small Change," from 1976. It doesn't pretend to understand them, but appreciates their mystery without making them seem preternatural. Philibert takes the same humanist approach to his films' subjects as the American documentarian Frederick Wiseman has to his: grace and the transfixing weave of point of view and objectivity. Philibert's camera isn't as shrinking as Wiseman's, and he tends to be an animist; Wiseman is drawn to bureaucracies' relationship to people. But his heart is as big.
Lopez tells his class he's going to retire after 30 years, and the way the news is greeted you'd think he'd told them something far worse. But this is about the worst news the gang could get.
Philibert gently underscores Lopez's touch by contrasting it with how the kids act with their parents. A few mothers, in particular, are at a loss as to how to help sons and daughters perform better. All the children appeared as loved outside the classroom, but the attention at home doesn't seem to measure up. (OK, Julien, whose entire family stands over him to help with his math homework, might be an exception.)
The devotion Lopez inspires in his charges and the sway that this beautiful swath of France has over them is remarkable. After Lopez drops his bomb, the children want to know what's next. Where will he go? Tahiti, someone intones.
He says "no," and asks his depressed audience if they'd prefer Tahiti to this place. They all agree: This place is better.
Source：http://www.boston.com/movies/display?display=movie&id=2395
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